. La cyclopaedia d'anatomie et physiologie. Anatomie ; physiologie ; Zoologie. 98 PANCRÉAS. La sécrétion pancréatique est le premier versé dans les intestins, et la fibrose biliaire, la dernière : et toujours quand il y a trois canaux pancréatiques, la sécrétion atteint l'intestin au début par l'un d'eux, et les autres ont leur upenings à proximité de la voie biliaire, soit avant ou entre eux. Il n'est pas sûr, cependant, de tirer des conclusions de ces physiologiques positions relatives, à supposer même qu'elles soient constamment ; pour les gaines sont si près l'un de l'autre, que le mélange des fluides doivent avoir lieu

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. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 98 PANCREAS. pancreatic secretion is the first poured into the intestines, and the cystic bile the last : and always when there are three pancreatic ducts, the secretion reaches the intestine early by one of them, and the others have their upenings close to the bile ducts, either before or between them. It is not safe, however, to draw any physiological conclusions from these relative positions, even supposing them to be constant ; for the ducts are so close to one another, that the mixture of the fluids must take place immediately, and their action on the food be simultaneous. In one instance, however, this is not the case ; in the ostrich the bile duct opens close to the pylorus, while the pancreatic is three feet removed from it; this is the greatest separation of the two ducts of any with which I am acquainted in the animal kingdom. It would present, if ostriches were commoner birds, great facilities for ex- periment, and implies an action in both the secretions entirely independent and auto- cratic. Mammalia.—The chief differences between the pancreas in other mammalia and man re- late merely to its colour, its consistence, its more or less marked division into lobes, its form, its volume, its union into a single mass, or its separation into two distinct parts, lastly, its position and relations with different por- tions of the peritoneum. Its form is generally more or less that of a narrow band, divisible into two portions ; one, the duodenal, following the curvature of the duodenum, and placed vertically or obliquely; the other, gastro- splcnic, extending transversely, and therefore opposite the other, from the duodenum to the spleen, against which it always abuts; the latter is always developed, the former is often incon- siderable or suppressed, and must be con- sidered merely as an accessory portion. The various forms and arrangements of the pancreas do not appear to have anything

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