. Un traité sur l'anatomie, la physiologie et l'hygiène : conçu pour les établissements, les académies, et les familles. Côtes. En 47o-494. Donner à la physiologie des organes respiratoires. 475. Ce isrespiration ? Quel est l'objet principal de la respiration ? 476. Comment sont les atomes de matière inutile véhiculée dans les veines de la circu-lation systémique ? Comment peuvent les principales substances élémentaires être séparé du sang ? 477. Comment peut une inspiration ordinaire s'accomplir ? 19218 L'anatomie, la physiologie, et de l'hygiène. plein d'inspiration, le diaphragme n'est pas seulement plus déprimés, mais les côtes sont évidemment élevés. À produ

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. A treatise on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : designed for colleges, academies, and families. ribs. In 47o—494. Give the physiology of the respiratory organs. 475. What isrespiration? What is the principal object in breathing? 476. How arethe useless atoms of matter conveyed into the veins of the systemic circu-lation ? How may the principal elementary substances be separated fromthe blood ? 477. How may an ordinary inspiration be accomplished ? 19 218 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND HYGIENE. full inspiration, the diaphragm is not only more depressed, but the ribs are evidently elevated. To produce this effect onthe ribs, two sets of muscles are called into action. Thosewhich are attached to the upper rib, sternum, and cavicle, contract and elevate the lower and free extremities of the ribs.This enlarges the cavity of the chest between the spinalcolumn and the sternum. But the lateral diameter, in conse-quence, is only slightly increased, because the central portionof the ribs sinks lower than their posterior extremities, ortheir cartilaginous attachment to the sternum. Fig. 95. 3 2. Fig. 95. 6, Four of the vertebra;, to which are attached three ribs, (7, 7, 7, ) withtheir intercostal muscles, (8, 8.) These ribs, in their natural position, have theiranterior cartilaginous extremity at 4, while the posterior extremity is attached to thevertebra;, (6, ) which are neither elevated nor depressed in respiration. 1, 1, and2, 2, parallel lines, within which the ribs lie in their natural position. If the anteriorextremity of the ribs is elevated from 4 to 5, they will not lie within the line 2, 2, butwill reach the line 3, 3. If two bands extend from 1, ], to 2, 2, they will effectuallyprevent the elevation of the ribs from 4 to 5, as the line2, 2, cannot be moved to 3, 3. 478. The central portion of the ribs is raised by the actionof intercostal muscles. The first, or upper rib, has but littlemovement; the second has more motion than the first, while What effect has a full inspir

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