. L'anatomie du corps humain. L'anatomie humaine ; l'anatomie. Les intestins. 373 et le caecum. Les frontières des segments libres sont dirigés vers le côté droit, et sont des semi-lunaire ; ils sont à leur ex- tremities, mais au milieu entre eux (entre a et h) une ouverture comme une boutonnière, qui devient plus étroite que l'intes- tine est plus distendu. Le diamètre de cette ouverture est proportionnel à celui de l'intestin grêle. La frontière libre du segment inférieur est plus concaves que celle de la partie supérieure. Lorsqu'il est étudié à partir de l'iléon, le distributeur présente une excavation angulaire exac

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. The anatomy of the human body. Human anatomy; Anatomy. THE INTESTINES. 373 and the caecum. The free borders of the segments are directed to- wards the right side, and are semilunar; they are united at their ex- tremities, but in the middle leave between them (between a and h) an opening like a buttonhole, which becomes narrower as the intes- tine is more distended. The diameter of this opening is in proportion to that of the small intestine. The free border of the lower segment is more concave than that of the upper. When examined from the ileum, the valve presents an angular excavation exactly correspond- ing to the projecting edge found in the cavity of the large intestine. The lower surface of the upper valvular segment is slightly concave ; the corresponding surface of the lower segment is slightly convex. This double ileo-caecal valve differs widely from the ring of the py- lorus ; it offers no obstruction to the passage of the contents of the small into the large intestine ; but in ordinary cases, it will not per- mit their regurgitation from the latter into the former. The lower or ileo-cascal segment is elevated so as to prevent reflux from the caecum, and the ileo-colic segment becomes depressed, and opposes any return of the contents of the colon. Still, from a great num- ber of experiments which I have performed on this subject, I am satisfied that both wa- ter and air injected into the large intestine most frequently overcome the resistance offer- ed by this valve, though with different degrees of facility in different subjects. This re- gurgitation, however, only takes place with gaseous or liquid matters; such as have a greater degree of consistence cannot pass back, and therefore the reflux of faecal matter is impossible.* Structure.—The structure of the ileo-caecal valve was perfectly demonstrated by Albi- nus. If we follow his example, and remove the peritoneal coat from a distended intes- tine, at the point where the ileum enters the large bowe

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