Rapport annuel du Conseil d'administration de la Smithsonian Institution . de au remplissage du cylindre. Un autre a été tourné la poignée et le château d'eau jaillit aisances dans lui, la condensation la vapeur d'andcreating le vide. Tout ce temps le piston est restée encore à l'mobilleavec cylindre. Maintenant, cependant, la pression atmosphérique sur l'alésage de la tête de piston, l'entraînant vers le bas et en tirant avec elle l'extrémité intérieure du grand balancier et l'élévation de la tige de la pompe attaché à l'autreextrémité extérieur. Hornblower avait si bien calculé le poids de la tige de la pompe et de l'eau pour bepumped à une extrémité de l'beamand t

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Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution . ed in filling the cylinder. Another handle was turned and waterfrom the overhead tank spurted into it, condensing the steam andcreating a vacuum. All this time the piston remained still at the topof the cylinder. Now, however, atmospheric pressure bore down on thepiston head, forcing it downward and pulling with it the inner end ofthe big walking beam and raising the pump rod attached to the otherend outside. Hornblower had so skillfully calculated the weight of the pump rod and water to bepumped at one end of the beamand the weight of the piston andair pressure at the other endthat the weight of the air wasjust a little more than enoughto lift the water from the mine.Other handles were then turned, steam again entered the cylin-der and the pump rod descendedby its own weight into the mine, pulling up the piston to its firstposition. Again steam wascondensed and down went thepiston and up went the pumprod. So it kept going, 10 to12 strokes a minute and liftingAnd so Americas first steam. Figure 5.—Hornblower family seal. This illustrates thebuilding which housed the Newcomen engine built inEngland by Joseph Hornblower and erected by his sonJosiah in 1755 at the Schuyler copper mine, NorthArlington, N. J. (Courtesy of the Delaware and Hud-son Company) 10 gallons of water with each strokeengine was put in operation. Hornblowers task was now successfully accomplished and he couldhave returned to England. Two things deterred him, however—thememory of the bad trip over and, more particularly, an interest in avery attractive girl of Belleville. Instead of going home he decided toaccept Colonel Schuylers offer of the superintendency of the mine andthereupon married Miss Elngsland. He operated the mine for 5 yearsthen leased it from the owner for 14. He had rather indifferent successin operating it by himself so that when the power house burned downand greatly damaged the engine in 1768, the mine was a

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