. Le microscope et ses révélations. Encore à trouver dans Powells N° I. ••1 ID de la boîte. Dans laquelle l'instrument a été doté d'accessoires divers. Il découverte de l'achromatisme tel qu'appliqué au microscope L'AUTRE DE ACHROMATISM 147 objet-lunettes que nous devons attribuer la valeur strictement scientifique et le progrès dans développement de cet instrument désormais extrêmement précieux et durable. Un compte rendu exhaustif de la découverte la plus précoce et de l'application progressive à notre propre jour d'achromatisme, si loin qu'il peut être donné dans ce traité, se trouvera dans le chapitre onobjectives. Nous ne pouvons ici que tenter,

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. The microscope and its revelations. still to be found in Powells No. I. ••1 id of the box. within which the instru- •ked with sundry accessories. he discovery of achromatism as applied to microscopic THE ELSE OF ACHROMATISM 147 object-glasses that we must attribute the strictly scientific value andprogress in development of this now extremely valuable and beauti-ful instrument. An exhaustive account of the earliest discoveryand progressive application to our own day of achromatism, so faras it can be given in this treatise, will be found in the chapter onobjectives. We can here only attempt, for the sake of completeness, a very broad outline of the facts. Martin appears to have constructed an achromatic objective in1759, but no results of practical value were obtained, Martin havingformed the judgment that his achromatic microscope was not equalto a reflecting microscope with which he compared it. But it cer-tainly gives him a place of interest in the history of the achromatismof object-glasses for the microscope.. FIG. 114.—Elliss aquatic microscope (1755) In 1762 Euler began to discuss the theory of achromaticmicroscopes, and in 1771, in his Dioptrica, he entered upon thesubject at more considerable length. A pupil of his, named NicholasFuss, published in St. Petersburg, in 1774, a volume entitled Detailedinstruction for carrying lenses of different kinds to a greater degreeof perfection, with a description of a microscope which may pass forthe most perfect of its kind, taken from the dioptric theory ofLeonard Euler, and made comprehensible to workmen by NicholasFuss. This was translated into (Jennan by Kliigel in 1778, but 110result of these discussions of the theory of achromatism can bediscovered earlier than 1791, when Frangois Beeldsnyder made anachromatic objective which was presented by Harting to the museumof the University of Utrecht; but it was far from satisfactory. It L2 148 THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE was composed of two bic

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