. Une courte histoire de l'art . L'Europe de l'Ouest a paru le plus caractéristique de l'roman. 170 UNE COURTE HISTOIRE DE L'ART il y a un grand nombre d'églises romanes éparpillée sur l'Europe. Ils diffèrent largement les uns des autres et tout ce que nous pouvons faire est d'établir quelques grands principes qui caractérisent le style dans son ensemble. Nous trouvons le plan général de la basilique à trois navés pré-servi dans les plans de terrain des églises RO-manesque. La longueur du bâtiment est considérablement augmentée, mais l'atrium et le narthex ont été abolis et un vestibuléon étroit est parfois introduit

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. A short history of art . Western Europe thatthe Romanesque appeared most characteristically. 170 A SHORT HISTORY OF ART There are a vast number of Romanesque churches scat-tered over Europe. They differ widely from one another indetails, and all that we can do is to lay down a few broadprinciples that characterise the style as a whole. We find the general plan of the three-naved basilica pre-served in the ground-plans of Ro-manesque churches. The length ofthe building is greatly increased;but the atrium and narthex areabolished, and a narrow vestibulewhich is occasionally introduced isthe only trace of these two im-portant features of the earlychurches. The transept is fre-quently lengthened, and the naveextended beyond the transept, sothat the ground-plan has theform of a Latin cross. The side aisles are sometimesprolonged beyond the transept, and terminate in subordinateapses. In other cases they arecarried round the apse in theform of a semicircular corridor.Churches were also built with anapse at each end.. ST. GODEHARD ATHILDESHEIM Vaulted Roof As we have before remarked, the most important change thatcharacterises the architecture of this period is the rediscoveryof the vaulted stone roof, which had fallen into oblivion inlate classic times. At first the simple tunnel vault was used;but it soon became apparent that the thrust of this kind of ROMANESQUE ART 171 roof was liable to spread the side walls. In order to meetthis difficulty, the walls had to be made exceedingly heavyand thick, and the consequent increase in the expense ofbuilding was very great. Architects soon had recourse to a new and better plan.Massive piers were built at certain intervals, and when neces- ? MM 1 ^m. T^^^H 9 hMB^^B9^^^k**^dH m Iff^j^^usiH v^t, if^2i * ji{ OI^^hBB 31 B^flHWHlK ^M^lr^r-^^^Fi^&^lSin W^h Wi c MMmflnf Mb ill^i^ -11 iV it L ) fMHwMWt MB |HJn|nK[|iK * _H l, _ ^Jl JlnHnSH^ win 1^ t w^^tBII (^1^^^^^ ^nl ^ws Vh U^I^HK 1^ f^ ^Aaf *^BBWB f ^ vl ^ ^1 CRYPT OF THE CATHEDRAL AT V

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